How LayerX designed and developed BakerFi's complete DeFi vault platform, transforming complex yield strategies into a seamless user experience.

BakerFi is a DeFi yield optimizer built on the ERC‑4626 vault standard. It abstracts protocol complexity so users can deposit once and benefit from automated allocation across multiple strategies (e.g., lending and liquid staking), optimizing for yield and risk. The result is institution‑grade returns without demanding deep protocol knowledge or active and skilled position management.

Project: BakerFi: Optimized DeFi Strategy Yield Vaults

Tech Stack: Solidity, Forge/Foundry, Ethereum/EVM, React/Next.js, TypeScript, GraphQL and Chaincast.

LayerX Role: End‑to‑end partner (Product strategy, Design, Smart contracts, Backend, Frontend)

The Challenge

DeFi strategies are complex to execute safely. Managing positions across multiple protocols, optimizing for yield, and preserving security demands significant expertise and time.

There are meaningful yields available, but accessing them requires understanding several protocols, managing gas, monitoring positions, and rebalancing under changing market conditions. This complexity creates a barrier to entry and calls for resilient infrastructure with strong security guarantees.

Background & Context

The Problem Space

Access to institution‑grade DeFi strategies without operational complexity
Automated position management and rebalancing
Secure custody with battle‑tested smart contracts
Transparent fees and performance tracking
Simple UI that abstracts web3 jargon
Mitigation of security risks from multi‑protocol integrations
Guidance for users without specialized yield‑optimization expertise
Clear portfolio tracking with guardrails to prevent liquidation

Initial Constraints

Security constraint: Contracts must be audit‑ready and follow best practices for vault architectures
UX constraint: Interface must be accessible to newcomers and efficient for advanced users
Performance constraint: Gas efficiency is critical so operations remain profitable across deposit sizes
Integration constraint: Seamless integration with Aave, Compound, Uniswap, Balancer, and price oracles (Chainlink, Pyth)

Success Criteria

Security: Comprehensive smart‑contract audit with no critical findings
Performance: Gas‑efficient operations with minimal overhead vs. manual execution
User experience: Low error rate and high action completion rate
Yield performance: Competitive APY relative to manual execution

Technical Approach

Architecture Overview

Deposits are initiated in the frontend. The vault contract receives tokens, mints ERC‑4626 shares representing proportional ownership, and allocates capital to active strategy contracts based on the current policy. Strategies interact with underlying protocols (Aave, Compound, Uniswap) to execute yield‑generating actions.

For withdrawals, the user redeems shares. If the vault has sufficient liquidity, funds are transferred immediately to the share holder. Backend services index vault and strategy events, power analytics via GraphQL, drive real‑time UI updates through subscriptions and update analytics dashboard.

Key Design Decisions

Decision 1: Vault Architecture Pattern

The choice: ERC‑4626 standard vaults

Alternatives considered: Custom vault interfaces; adapter wrappers

Rationale: ERC‑4626 provides standardized interfaces and strong composability with the DeFi ecosystem (e.g., collateral use in other protocols) while relying on battle‑tested patterns that reduce integration complexity and audit surface.

Decision 2: Upgradeability & Governance

The choice: Upgradeable, proxy‑based ERC‑4626 vault contracts with DAO oversight

Alternatives considered: Non‑upgradeable contracts requiring user migrations; admin‑only upgrades

Rationale: Proxies enable timely security patches and iterative improvements without forcing migrations. Governance can pause vaults during incidents and upgrade logic as integrations evolve, preserving security and composability over time.

Decision 3: User Experience Flow

The choice: Standard approve + deposit flow (two transactions), with RainbowKit for wallet connectivity

Alternatives Considered:

Permit-based single transaction deposits (EIP-2612)
Meta-transactions for gasless experience
Account abstraction integration

Rationale: Permit and meta‑transactions reduce signing steps but are not universally supported and add complexity. The approve + deposit pattern ensures broad wallet compatibility and a reliable UX, prioritizing reach and robustness over minimal signatures.

User Flow Diagram (Approve + Deposit + Redeem)

Figure: End-to-end user journey using the standard approve + deposit flow, and redeem path.

Implementation Details

Core Components

Component 1: Vault Contracts

At the heart of BakerFi are vault contracts that act as secure “safes” for user deposits. They follow industry standards to maximize security and compatibility. Users deposit assets and receive vault shares representing a proportional claim on pooled assets. Vaults automate yield generation by allocating capital to predefined strategies.

Key features:

Full ERC‑4626 compliance for broad ecosystem integration
Automated management, including harvesting and compounding
Safety architecture enabling emergency withdrawals and robust risk controls
Transparent, configurable fee structures
Coordination with multiple strategy types for diversification and resilience

ERC‑4626 Lifecycle

Figure: Lifecycle of deposits, shares, allocation, harvest, and redemption following ERC‑4626.

Component 2: Strategy Contracts

Strategy contracts decide how deposits are invested to earn yield. The vault can connect to multiple strategies that interact with protocols like Aave or Compound. This modular design supports diversification and rapid response to market opportunities and risks.

Key features:

Plug‑and‑play support for new strategy types and integrations
Continuous monitoring and strict risk management controls
Gas‑efficient operations enabling frequent optimization
Slippage protections and emergency exit mechanisms

Strategy allocation & rebalancing

Figure: Example target weights with policy-driven rebalancing across strategies.

Component 3: Frontend application

The frontend provides a clear, transparent interface for deposits, withdrawals, and portfolio monitoring. An intuitive dashboard shows real‑time performance and position status. Onboarding is seamless across major wallet providers.

Key features:

Live vault metrics and personalized portfolio insights
Clear transaction states and notifications
Analytics for historical returns, risk, and other key metrics
Multi‑wallet support and responsive design

Component 4: Backend Services & GraphQL API

BakerFi’s backend delivers real‑time experiences via a robust GraphQL API that powers analytics, dashboards, and notifications. It unifies access to on‑chain and off‑chain data for frontend apps and third‑party integrations.

For event indexing and blockchain monitoring, we leverage Chaincast to stream key vault and strategy events. Indexed data is exposed through GraphQL, and real‑time updates are pushed to clients via subscriptions, keeping dashboards fresh without polling.

Beyond aggregation, the backend provides proxied representations of raw on‑chain data with low latency and consistent formatting.

Key features:

Unified GraphQL API for platform data
Chaincast‑based event indexing with instant pipeline to backend
Real‑time GraphQL subscriptions
Proxied endpoints for structured chain data
Analytics engines for yield, ROI, and risk
Intelligent notifications for major events
Metrics Aggreation (hourly, daily, weekly, monthly)
Comprehensive analytics/reporting powering customizable dashboards

Data flow and real‑time updates

Figure: Chaincast streams events to indexers; GraphQL serves queries and subscriptions to the frontend.

System Performance

BakerFi is engineered for high performance across the stack, from smart contracts to UI. The system handles real‑time vault updates, position tracking, and transaction processing with low latency.

Metrics:

API response time: < 100ms P95 for vault data queries
Real‑time updates: < 2s from on‑chain event to UI
Frontend load time: < 3s initial; < 500ms subsequent navigation
Transaction success rate: > 99% (excluding user‑cancelled)
Indexer sync lag: < 30s from chain head
Uptime: 99.9% API and frontend
Gas efficiency: ~180k gas deposit; ~220k gas withdrawal (vs. 250k+ for non‑optimized)

Performance improvements implemented:

Redis caching for frequently accessed vault data (APY, TVL)
Optimistic UI updates with automatic rollback on failure
Global CDN for static assets
Database indexes tuned for common queries (performance over time, position history)
Connection pooling and query optimization reducing DB load by ~40%
Metrics monitoring and aggregation for fast filtering

Security Considerations

Threat Model

Security was foundational from day one. We conducted threat‑modeling sessions across smart contracts, backend, and frontend to identify and prioritize risks.

Threats Analyzed:

Smart contracts: Reentrancy, share‑calculation errors, access‑control bypasses, unsafe external interactions
Economic attacks: Flash loans, oracle manipulation, sandwiching rebalances.
Integrations: Compromised protocols, breaking upgrades, liquidity crises preventing withdrawals
Governance: Malicious proposals, admin key compromise and govervance issues
Frontend/backend: XSS, supply‑chain compromise, API manipulation, DNS hijacking/phishing
User security: Phishing, transaction manipulation, unsafe approvals

Security Measures

Smart Contract Security:

Comprehensive test suite with >95% coverage including edge cases and failure scenarios
Fuzzing tests using Echidna for mathematical operations, share calculations, and state transitions
Multiple internal security reviews before external audit, with dedicated review sessions per component
External private audit by reputable firm (Creed), and open public audit competition with all findings addressed before mainnet deployment
Invariant testing to ensure core properties (e.g., total shares always equal total assets) hold under all conditions
OpenZeppelin's battle-tested contract libraries as foundation for core logic

Economic Security:

Position limits per strategy capping maximum TVL at 100K initially, with gradual increases post-launch
Slippage protection on all swaps with configurable tolerance (default 0.5% max slippage)
Price oracle validation using Chainlink and Pyth price feeds with deviation checks
Emergency pause functionality controlled by 3-of-5 multisig with strict activation criteria
Rebalancing strategies designed to minimize liquidation risks

Operational Security:

Multisig hardware wallets for all administrative functions (upgrades, parameter changes)
Real-time monitoring for: unusual withdrawal spikes, TVL drops >10%, failed transactions, oracle price deviations
Comprehensive incident response runbook with defined escalation paths and communication protocols
Real-time Grafana dashboard

User Protection:

Transaction simulation using Alchemy to preview outcomes before execution
Clear warnings for operations during high network congestion or oracle price deviations
Recommended approval limits (deposit amount only, not infinite approval)
Official domain verification and SSL certificate pinning
Transaction validation displaying human-readable summaries before signing

Security Defense‑in‑Depth Overview

Figure: Layered security controls spanning governance, code, economics, ops, and user experience.

Audit Results

BakerFi underwent a rigorous, multi‑layered security review before mainnet, combining professional audits with large‑scale public testing.

Professional Security Audit: Creed (May 2024) A comprehensive audit was carried out by Creed, a smart contract security firm. The review covered vaults (ERC‑4626 implementation), strategies (Aave lending, LST integrations), access control, upgradeability, and oracle integration. Findings across severity levels were resolved or acknowledged with mitigations. The full report: Creed Audit Report (PDF)

Public Audit Competition: Code4rena (May 2024) To broaden coverage, BakerFi ran a Code4rena contest that attracted independent security researchers and competitive auditors. This surfaced additional vectors, particularly around protocol integrations. All substantial findings were addressed before launch. See report: Code4rena BakerFi Audit Contest

Together, these processes tightened controls, added invariants to critical state transitions, strengthened access management, and expanded real‑time monitoring, critical to building user trust and platform resilience.

Results & Impact

Quantitative Results

Since launching in July 2024, BakerFi has demonstrated strong product-market fit and technical reliability. The platform has processed significant transaction volume while maintaining high availability and competitive yields.

Platform metrics (as of January 2025):

Total Value Locked (TVL): $500K at peak
Number of Users: 600 unique wallet addresses with active deposits
Transaction Volume: $8.3M total processed across 12,400+ deposit/withdrawal transactions
Average APY Delivered: 6.8% - 8.2% (vs 5.5% - 6.5% for manual strategy execution), representing 15-26% improvement over manual approaches
Gas Savings: Estimated $50K in gas savings for users through batch operations and optimized contracts vs individual protocol interactions
Uptime: 99.94% for smart contracts and 99.91% for frontend/API infrastructure (3 hours planned maintenance, 1 incident)
Time to Market: 9 months from initial concept to mainnet launch (November 2023 - July 2024)
brETH token holders: 400+ holders of BakerFi's liquid staking token
Average Position Size: $2,430 USD equivalent per user

Qualitative Impact

BakerFi has resonated strongly with users seeking passive DeFi yield without the complexity of manual strategy management. The platform has built an engaged community and contributed meaningfully to the broader DeFi ecosystem.

Ecosystem Impact

Protocol integrations: BakerFi drives volume to partner protocols (Aave, Uniswap, Lido), contributing ~$2.1M in monthly volume to the Base ecosystem
Composability: Bakerfi Vaults are integration on two protocols (Superform, Roitko), enabling further DeFi composability
Educational impact: Documentation and transparent strategies have become a reference for other vault builders
Base network adoption: Among top DeFi protocols by TVL on Base, helping drive adoption of Ethereum L2s

Innovation Contributions

Liquidation protection: Automated position management preventing liquidations while maximizing capital efficiency
Hybrid oracle system: Chainlink + Pyth dual‑oracle design with automatic fallback referenced by other projects
GraphQL subscriptions: Open‑sourced patterns for real‑time blockchain data adopted by several DeFi dashboards
Gas‑optimized ERC‑4626: Shared techniques reducing vault operation costs by ~20% vs. standard implementations

Business Impact

The project generated significant value for both LayerX and BakerFi, establishing new capabilities and market positions.

For LayerX:

End‑to‑end DeFi delivery: Smart contracts, backend, and UI for a production‑grade platform
Vault architecture expertise: ERC‑4626 patterns, yield optimization, and multi‑protocol integration as a core differentiator
Security‑first reputation: Zero‑critical‑findings audit referenced in subsequent proposals
Reusable components: 12 components (vault templates, strategy adapters, oracle integrations) accelerating future projects by ~30–40%
Case‑study asset: 5 qualified inbound leads; presented in 8 sales conversations; contributed to 2 signings

For BakerFi:

Successful product launch: Brought the platform to market in 9 months, meeting the original target timeline
Market position established: Achieved top DeFi protocol status on Base within 6 months of launch
Brand recognition: Featured in major DeFi publications and newsletters

Key Learnings

Technical Insights

DeFi vault architecture: ERC‑4626 enables strong composability, but secure implementation is complex. Avoid rounding exploits, defend against donation attacks with virtual shares, and separate vault and strategy logic for security and upgradeability.
Gas optimization: Optimize high‑frequency user operations (18–20% savings), but prioritize clarity and security for admin paths and complex logic. Over‑optimization can hurt auditability; use low‑level techniques only when justified.
Multi‑protocol integration: Every protocol introduces unique integration risks. Use adapter contracts, robust error handling, circuit breakers, and full integration tests. Never assume external stability.
Real‑time data: Users prioritize responsiveness for non‑critical data; guarantee accuracy for critical actions. Use optimistic UI updates, GraphQL subscriptions, clear pending/confirmed states, and smart caching with precise invalidation.

Process Insights

Client collaboration: Frequent demos and early prototypes enabled fast feedback and alignment. Open communication channels, joint sprint planning, and collaborative prioritization were key.
Security-First Development: Threat modeling and audit planning were integrated from day one, guiding key design choices. Allocate 15-20% of project time to security reviews, documentation, and continuous testing (fuzzing, invariants). Engage auditors early to streamline the review process.
Testing strategy: Use multi‑layered testing. Unit tests (>95% coverage), protocol integration tests (mainnet forking), fuzzing, and live testnet trials. Each layer catches distinct bugs. Invest 30–40% of dev time in test infrastructure and fuzzing.

What worked well

Modular Architecture: Separation of vaults and strategies enabled independent iteration and risk isolation
Early User Testing: Beta testing with real users on testnet caught UX issues before mainnet launch
Progressive Rollout: Launching with deposit limits and gradually increasing allowed monitoring system behavior under load
Documentation: Comprehensive technical documentation accelerated auditor review and client understanding
Cross-Functional Team: Having designers, frontend, backend, and smart contract engineers working together from day one prevented integration issues

What we'd do differently

Reflecting on BakerFi, several areas stand out for improvement and have shaped LayerX’s approach to future projects:

Earlier performance testing: Begin load and gas benchmarking with mainnet forks in weeks 4–6, not mid‑project
Better simulation environment: Stand up robust mainnet‑fork/test infra early to surface protocol and integration issues
Clearer user onboarding: Build educational materials during development to reduce support burden
Proactive monitoring: Ship dashboards, alerts, and observability with features, not after launch
Dynamic gas price strategy: Implement gas management logic and fallbacks from day one
Mobile experience: Prioritize mobile UX and testing in parallel with desktop
Concurrent documentation: Document architecture and decisions as you build to preserve rationale and speed reviews

Conclusion

BakerFi exemplifies **LayerX’**s end‑to‑end capability in delivering production‑grade DeFi platforms. From product strategy and smart contracts to backend, frontend, and security auditing, we transformed complex yield strategies into an accessible and secure product.

The nine‑month journey from concept to mainnet required navigating multi‑protocol integrations, defending against economic attacks, optimizing gas for profitability, and translating technical operations into an intuitive UX. The outcome: democratized access to institution‑grade strategies without demanding deep protocol expertise.

The project showcases key competencies that define LayerX's DeFi practice:

Smart Contract Excellence: Secure, gas-optimized, audit-ready contracts passing comprehensive security review with zero critical findings
Full-Stack Development: Seamless integration from blockchain layer through GraphQL API to responsive React interface, with real-time data architecture delivering sub-2-second latency
DeFi Expertise: Deep understanding of vault architectures, ERC-4626 standard, multi-protocol integration (Aave, Uniswap, Lido), and yield optimization strategies
Security Focus: Comprehensive threat modeling, defense-in-depth security architecture, and security-first development process resulting in robust protection for user funds
User-Centric Design: Balancing technical sophistication with accessibility, translating complex DeFi operations into intuitive interfaces with clear transaction previews and educational context

How we can help your organization

End‑to‑end capability: LayerX manages smart contracts, backend, frontend, DevOps, and security, reducing coordination overhead and ensuring cohesive architecture
Security‑first approach: Security from day one with threat modeling, continuous testing, and audit preparation. Yields faster audits and fewer findings
Technical innovation: Gas optimizations (18–20%), hybrid oracles, optimistic UI patterns, and reusable components accelerate delivery while maintaining standards
Collaborative process: Transparent technical communication, weekly demos, and shared decision‑making ensure alignment while leveraging our technical depth

Try it yourself

Experience BakerFi’s vault platform and explore the technical architecture:

Live Platform: https://bakerfi.ai - Deposit ETH and start earning optimized yields
Documentation: https://docs.bakerfi.ai - Technical docs covering architecture, strategies, and integration guides

Technical Details

Deployment Information

Live Product: https://bakerfi.ai

Documentation: https://docs.bakerfi.ai

Network: Base, Ethereum, Arbitrum

Launch Date: July 2024

Tech Stack

Smart Contracts:

Solidity 0.8.20
Foundry/Forge for development and testing
Anvil for deployment and chain forking
OpenZeppelin Contracts (ERC-4626, AccessControl, ReentrancyGuard)
Forge fuzzing tests for high surface tests
Slither for static analysis

Backend Services:

Node.js / TypeScript
GraphQL (Apollo Server) for API layer
PostgreSQL for indexed data and analytics
Redis for caching layer
Chaincast for low latency and high performance blockchain event indexing
Prisma ORM for database management

Frontend:

React 18 / Next.js 14 (App Router)
TypeScript
RainbowKit for wallet connection
Wagmi / Viem for blockchain interactions

Infrastructure & DevOps:

Kubernetes for Hosting
Microsoft Azure for Postgres Servers
Docker for containerization
GitHub Actions for CI/CD
Alchemy for transaction simulation

DeFi Protocol Integrations:

Aave V3 (lending/borrowing)
Uniswap V3 (swapping)
Lido (liquid staking)
Pyth Network (price oracles)
Balancer (low fee flash loadn)
Pyth and Chainlink (price oracles)

Development Tools:

Anvil (local development)
Foundry (smart contract unit and integration testing)

Want to build the next generation of DeFi products? LayerX specializes in designing, building, and scaling web3 businesses. From product strategy to smart contracts to full-stack development, we deliver complete solutions that are secure, scalable, and user-friendly.

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